Peasant Life in the Middle Ages - 1033 Words

The Peasants life journey, through the Middle Ages was tough. The life of a peasant was hard and not easy or respected. A peasant’s work was never appreciated by the high social classes. Peasant life should be acknowledged for the work and impact it had on British History. The peasants of the middle ages were farmers, servants, and carpenters. They would work all jobs to provide for their family. According to Dianne Zarlengo â€Å"Their class formed the economic back bone for the society† (10). Peasants were not able to choose the life they wanted to live. â€Å"Even though the burdened peasant class largely accepted their harsh life as a way to cleanse their souls and help pave the way to eternal salvation, peasants revolted occasionally†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In the middle ages the life of a peasant or how long they lived did not matter. â€Å"In the medieval times, the term peasant simply meant the class of people who worked the land in order to see aristocracy† (Zarlengo 11). Despite the poor diets and their unimportance the biggest part that influenced their lives was a terrible disease. Due to poor health conditions the black plague impacted a great amount of peasants. This infection caused by rodents killed a numerous amount of people. â€Å"It would eventually kill between a third half of the population† (Medieval Realms; Rural Life). The plague changed the social order especially for the peasants. â€Å"These huge death tolls sparked off a chain of events that would redefine the position of the peasant in England† (Medieval Realms; Rural Life). However, the plague killed many peasants but that did not stop the rest of the peasants from fighting on. In 1381 the peasant revolt showed that they were ready to stand up for themselves. As a result of the plague there was a decrease in workers, and the peasants who worked harder and longer hours was denied more money. â€Å"The lower orders rebelled against the lawmaking and landowning classes and the incompetent minority government of the 14 year-old Richard II† (History Today). The revolt lasted for a long time and was one of the worst battles in the middle ages. â€Å"The spirit of rebellion lastedShow MoreRelatedFeudalism And The Middle Ages816 Words   |  4 PagesFeudalism In The Middle Ages When people conjure images of the Middle Ages, people think of chaos, war, and little improvement. In fact, much of this is true. During the Middle Ages, a system called the Feudal System was formed to maintain order. It might have made life tough for peasants, but it kept nobles, or upper-class people, rich and in power. The Feudal System greatly affected daily life for everyone, but, in time, it collapsed. The constant chaos of the Middle Ages caused the Feudal SystemRead MoreTo What Extent Did Feudalism Affect the Societies in the Middle Ages?1518 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent did feudalism affect the societies in the Middle Ages? Plan of Investigation The investigation assesses the significance of the feudal system in the middle ages. In order to evaluate the feudal system’s significance, the investigation evaluates each role of the social classes in a Middle Ages society. This includes the kings, nobles and lords, knights, and peasants and serfs. Articles and secondary sources are mostly used to evaluate the feudal system’s significance. Two of theRead MorePostive Effects of Medieval Social Classes Essay752 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of social classes in medieval England affected life for the people in many positive ways. It served as a means of organization to base their daily lives off of, and also gave the peasants and trade classes protection from the rulers and the clergy class in return for their labor and allegiance (â€Å"Quizlet†). Life in the Middle Ages was based on the framework of social classes so they could flourish socially and economically. The British class structure was a configuration of fiveRead MoreThe Effects of Feudalism Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesIn Medieval times during the 10th and 13th centuries, a form of political and social organization called feudalism was a way of life that had great effect on people of the time and on the modern world. Feudalism was developed because of the weakness of Europe and its kings. The word feudalism comes from the word fief, which was the land held on condition of feudal service, similar to an estate (English). The fiefs bound together lords and vassals. Feudalism was a structure in which a lord dividedRead MoreHow Stability was Maintained during the Middle-Ages622 Words   |  3 Pages brought about such massive changes in demographics / population that the demand for a limited labor source (the peasants) meant that this social group at the bottom of the social ladder grew in importance (as seen in the 1381 Peasants revolt) that drastic change and the end of the feudal structure was inevitable. Paragraph 1 The castles played an important role in the middle ages. The castles structure was built to fortify and maintain control over an area. The architecture that was put intoRead MoreThe Era Of The Middle Ages1666 Words   |  7 Pagesof mankind, from servants who were settled in the village, to peasants on the countryside nearby. Unfortunately, this was a reality for people who lived in a time period situated with the name of The Middle Ages. As these people lived within the lowest social class, their lives were filled with many mishaps. During this era of history, servants had a heavy load on their shoulders--many goods were to be crafted, while diligent peasants were off planting crops and doing such drudgery for their lordRead More The Middle Ages Essays1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Ages Throughout time, history has taken some strange turns. A single ruler establishing some new form of government can transform entire civilizations, or a single event can lead to the creation of a great new people. Whatever the case, history can repeat itself in time. One possible exemption of this could be Britain’s time period of the Middle Ages. Bearing a distinct and unique culture relative to the time period, some of the values and the customs held during this time have yetRead MoreThe Impact Of Feudalism In The Middle Ages In Europe714 Words   |  3 Pages getting paid little to nothing and having to work and figure out life for your family on a day-to-day basis. This is how life was like for peasants and serfs in the Middle Ages in Europe. This period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century (IO). In Europe, during the Middle Ages, feudalism was shown in three different ways as Social, Political and Economic. The ranking of the social class was how life went on in the Middle Ages. The Serfs were granted land by the knight (Doc.1) but have a workRead MoreLife Of A Manor : A Diverse Depending On Social Status During The Medieval Period1374 Words   |  6 PagesLife on a manor was very diverse depending on your social status during the medieval period in Europe. This essay will discuss the life of people during the Middle Ages in Europe. It will first give background on how feudalism began and explain the feudal classes on a manor. Next the paper will inform about the manor system and relationships between lords and serfs. It will then expand on the actual lives of individuals who lived on a manor. After that it will explain the differences in theRead MoreThe Black Death Of India And The Peasant s Revolt1688 Words   |  7 Pagesto appendix 1). The routes deal with primary interaction between the Asian continent connecting the East and West, stretching from the Korean peninsula and J apan to the Mediterranean Sea. The Silk Route began in China as silk in China during the middle ages comprised a large proportion of trade. Over time numerous countries made culture, religious and artistic exchanges. However many dangers are also spread through the routes including the Black Death. The whole route is approximately 6,400km long

Abolition of Death Penalty Free Essays

string(88) " what we all know is sin and some called an act of killing or murder an â€Å"EVIL act†\." ABOLITION OF DEATH PENALTY DEFINITION According to Republic Act No. 7659, death penalty is a penalty for crimes that are â€Å"heinous for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity are repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a just, civilized and ordered society. † Death penalty is a cruel, futile and dangerous punishment for â€Å"very serious reasons and with due judicial process. We will write a custom essay sample on Abolition of Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to  Amnesty International, a worldwide movement of people working for internationally recognized human rights; death penalty is the ultimate, irreversible denial of human rights. Thus, they worked towards abolishing it in order to â€Å"end the cycle of violence created by a system riddled with economic and racial bias and tainted with human error. † BACKGROUND Next, I would like to present a brief background on death penalty in the Philippines. In 1987, the Philippines made history by becoming the first Asian country in modern times to abolish the death penalty for all crimes. However, six years later, in 1993, the death penalty was reintroduced in the Philippines for 46 different offences. Such of those are murder, rape, parricide, infanticide and qualified bribery, among others. Executions resumed in 1999 until year 2000 when former President Estrada announced a moratorium on executions. This has been continued by current President Arroyo, in practice, throughout her presidency. Now, under her rule, the death penalty is again abolished . STANCE I am in favor of abolishing the death penalty law in the Philippines. Allow me to present my arguments. First, it violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel practice. Third, it is anti-poor. Last, death penalty defeats its purpose. ARGUMENTS First, the imposition of death penalty violates a person’s right to live. Article III Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution, otherwise known as  the Bill of Rights, states that â€Å"No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By imposing death penalty, the right of a criminal to live is being violated. Furthermore, it is a known fact that majority of Filipinos are Catholics. As said, we have one of the world’s largest Christian populations. According to  the Ten Commandments  of the Church, thou shall not kill. Therefore, nobody is given the right to commit the lives of others. Whether that person is a criminal or not, nobody has the right to play God and take the life that He has given. Filipinos should â€Å"respect and value the sanctity of human life and uphold the virtue and religious doctrines that are expected of us as a dominant Christian nation. † Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible practice. It is very cruel and in human because persons are killed. This alone is proof. Once a person is killed, the act cannot be reversed. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. In a country like the Philippines with a very slow, sometimes inefficient, unfair and unjust judicial system, death penalty is simply not viable. Majority of the 1200 people on the death row are poor. Maybe, for some, being there is what they deserve. But for many, it is poverty that brought them there. Not everyone in that row should die. Many are simply there because they ran against some filthy rich and powerful person or they could not afford to get a good lawyer to defend them. A study showed that â€Å"death penalty is anti-poor as the underprivileged who cannot afford the services of competent counsels are oftentimes the ones convicted of death penalty†. â€Å"Studies have shown that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on the poorest, least educated and most vulnerable members of society. It takes the lives of offenders who might otherwise have been rehabilitated. † Lastly, death penalty does not live up to its purpose. It is not able to serve its purpose which is to prevent crimes and to preserve peace and order. According to the President, in a letter she sent to Senate President Franklin M. Drilon, the imposition of death penalty â€Å"was shown to have not served its principal purpose of effectively deterring the commission of heinous crimes†. Clearly, even with death penalty imposed, the Philippines still continued to project high and rising crime rates in the country. If death penalty is effective, there should have been less crimes but it is quite the contrary. Also, there are no concrete evidence like studies or tests that could prove that the imposition of death penalty really prevents crime thus maintaining peace and order in the country. SUMMARY To cap off this essay, death penalty is the punishment served to those who have committed crimes that are â€Å"heinous for being grievous, odious and hateful offenses and which, by reason of their inherent or manifest wickedness, viciousness, atrocity and perversity are repugnant and outrageous to the common standards and norms of decency and morality in a just, civilized and ordered society. I am in favor of the abolition of death penalty because first, its imposition violates the right to live. Second, it is a very cruel, inhuman and irreversible act. Third, death penalty is anti-poor. Lastly, death penalty does not serve its purpose of preventing crimes and preserving peace and order. I wish to end this speech by saying that I commend the Congress for passing a legislation calling for the a bolition of death penalty. As CBCP puts it, this step has finally led the country â€Å"to move from justice that kills to justice that heals. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ How To Put To Death â€Å"Death Penalty† Death Penalty as we all know is a Legalized form of Killing or murder; it is a legalized â€Å"SIN† because â€Å"to kill or to murder† what we all know is sin and some called an act of killing or murder an â€Å"EVIL act†. You read "Abolition of Death Penalty" in category "Essay examples" Does the implementation of Death Penalty bring life, justice and end heinous crimes in the Philippines? I don’t think so. But the new Vice President of the Philippines Jejomar Binay thinks it so as he utter his desire to bring back death penalty in the Philippine in his outburst emotional response when he attended the wake of the brutally murdered son of attorney Oliver Lozano at media interview. â€Å"Dapat ibalik na ang death penalty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( â€Å"It is high time to bring back death penalty†) —-Jejomar Binay Death Penalty has been in the Philippines since the Marcos administration but was only removed at the time of former Philippine president Corazon Aquino and was revived during between the administration of former Philippine presidents Fidel V. Ramos and Joseph Ejercito Estrada and was removed again at the time of the recent former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo because of the mistake and failure of the execution of the First ever Filipino to receive death penalty by lethal injection –Leo Echagaray for the crime of rape which was found eventually that he is not guilty or was innocent of the crime he was accused of and the true rapist is at large and unknown. What a big slap on the Philippines justice system, thus it was removed. It was the roar and pro-death penalty campaigns in the media which influenced unlearned people that Leo Echagaray succumb into untimely death before he was proven innocent; so sad that people at that time were driven by brainless wrath to revenge for the rape victim. But now Vice president Binay, is wishing to bring it back? ; To repeat this â€Å"sad scenario† just to tell to the world that â€Å"we do justice†, WHAT JUSTICE Does he think well when he utters a wish for its revival or is he just emotional overwhelmed at the wake of the brutally murdered son of attorney Oliver Lozano? There are many bad consequences to the justice system of the Philippines when Death penalty will be rekindled its frightening presence in the Philippines. More injustices will be engendered in the end by mistakenly sentencing to death innocent poor Filipinos and foreigners once they could not proven themselves innocent at the allowed period of presenting evidences and proofs that one is not guilty of the crime being accused of and by the influence of ignorant brainless and heartless wrathful masses. Moreover, if one is financially poor and destitute how can one find a trustworthy attorney that cannot be bought by money, to depend one’s innocence? Truly more innocent lives will be shredded unjustly by this satanic capital punishment. Furthermore, we already know that the financially rich and wealthy prosecuted and accused ones could pervert justice and could buy money-face attorneys, lawyers and judges. Therefore, is this â€Å"death penalty† will stop heinous crimes or will just added more unjust crimes perpetrated by its revival and presence, wherein â€Å"death penalty† is also a heinous crime concealed by the law of legality of the state or country. For death penalty is an act of torturing a person until it dies, which has no difference with the sadistic and psychotic behavior of seemingly soulless criminals who torture first their victims before they eventually kill their victims. Death penalty is NOT HUMANE ACT, rather it is BEASTIAL ACT. Bestial act (death penalty) against bestial act (heinous crimes) will not solve or eliminate crimes within the country or state. Fear is not the answer and will not uproot the main cause of crimes. it just controls but never solves; it just control the symptoms but never cures and heals. JC tortured and received Death Penalty A more humanitarian solution is the key to solve bestial problems like crimes; for every effect (activities) there is a cause (reason for the activity). The cause should be addressed to solve the problem and not controlling the effects without removing the cause; For the effects will not end if the cause is not removed. Remember Filipinos, your National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal was a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is Firing squad during the Spanish occupation but he is innocent. Remember also Filipinos, your beloved colonial religious deity Jesus Christ was also a victim of Death penalty or capital punishment which is crucifixion but Jesus Christ is innocent. Remember also Filipinos, your beloved fellow Filipinos that have suffered Death Penalty on other countries by hanging are also innocent. Remember Filipinos, the humane in you and don’t let the bestial overtake your human side. Remember Filipinos, to Love and Understand and don’t let Hate and Wrath overtake that Love and understanding within your soul. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The Death Penalty, Good or Bad? A few days ago the chief of Police for West Orange, New Jersey spoke out about the negative effects of the death penalty. James Abbott (police chief) stated that â€Å"the death penalty is broken beyond repair and that the extra money spent pursuing executions could be better spent on crime prevention and the needs of victims†. â€Å"I no longer believe that you can fix the death penalty. Six months of study opened my eyes to its shocking reality. I learned that the death penalty throws millions of dollars down the drain — money that I could be putting directly to work fighting crime every day — while dragging victims’ families through a long and torturous process that only exacerbates their pain. Now in New Jersey, the death penalty has been outlawed. The death penalty is being replaced with life in prison with no chance of parole. Is this really gonna lower the costs that the death penalty brings about? On top of that, could the money used for the death penalty really be used to help change people’s attitudes on how they act? Currently, the state of New Jersey has s pent over a quarter of a billion dollars on the death penalty in the last 30 years. Would this be enough money to â€Å"rehabilitate a murderer†? Personally I think trying to have a murderer rehabilitated is a waste of time. I know there is the saying that everyone deserves a 2nd chance but in the case of murder, there is no 2nd chance for the murdered. Why should we not take another’s life if he murdered another life? Not only for cost reasons do I think life in prison would be a waste of money but also ethically I think life imprisonment is cruel. I know there are a lot of ethical dilemmas involved but would we as humans be cruel enough to torture another human for the rest of his life in prison? To me, ending someone’s life fast and quick seems more human than dragging out a sentence for however number of years. Also, even if the man or woman was not being tortured in prison, we would be spending money on keeping 1 person alive who murdered another. Where is the justice behind that! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ There should be justice in this world. There are many forms of justice in this world but in the case of murdering another human being, I think there should only be one final verdict. A murder should be tried then if found guilty put to death. No one can bring back a dead person. A family member who lost a loved one because another person murdered them would want justice for the murder’s crime. Article III. Bill of Rights Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. How to cite Abolition of Death Penalty, Essay examples

Applied Business Ethics World Bank Policy Research

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Applied Business Ethics of World Bank Policy Research. Answer: Part A: Ethical Dilemma Essay Discrimination is a common phenomenon in a professional atmosphere (Kadiresan Javed, 2015). This leads to the generation of ethical dilemmas in the workplace. I faced several ethical dilemmas during my professional career, however, the one I faced during my stint at a pharmaceutical firm at Singapore, was the most prominent. I was working as Manager-Operations in the firm. The pharmaceutical company had a male dominating environment with very less number of female employees. One day, a new female employee was recruited and joined office on Monday. She was not accepted by her office colleagues. She was treated as if she was an alien. The male employees passed inappropriate comments to the new employees which made her feel awkward. The female employee complained to me regarding the harassment. As per the company policies, the concerned male employees were penalized. I pondered upon the fact and thought of transferring the female employee to a more secure job location or a different jo b role. However, my seniors argued that this action was completely discriminatory and was not in accordance with the company policies. I could have transferred the female employee but that could stir controversy among the male employees. This decision was considered as an unethical conduct in a corporate organization. The business organization has certain regulations regarding the transfer of employees (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). The transfer should be made at the best interest of the organization (Ferner, Edwards Tempel, 2012). It should not be based on the personal interests of the employees. I had knowledge regarding the organizational rules, however, I personally felt the plight of the employee (Divanbeigi Ramalho, 2015). It is my duty to provide optimum working environment to all the employees (Tsaur Tang, 2012). Being a female employee, doesnt mean that she should be a subject of entertainment. I want to place the female employee in a secure position but this involved a lot of subsequent issues. My decision would impact both the existing male employees at the office as well as the new female employee. If the female employee is shifted to a secure job role then the rest of the employees would resent. They may also demand shifts in their favorite job roles. On the other hand, this decision may demean the female employee too. She may feel that she is segregated and may feel left out. I was in a dilemma regarding my possible actions in such a situation. Gender discrimination in the workplace is a common phenomenon (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). We live in a patriarchal society which is reflected in the professional organizations too. Women are harassed for no reasons and unfair discriminations are made (Lim, 2015). In spite of their high qualifications and years of experience, they are not treated equally like men. They have to face embarrassment, abuse and torture at the workplace (Shah et al., 2012). These issues reduce the productivity of the employees, otherwise which would have increased the output of the female employees (Smith, Oades McCarthy, 2013). I am compassionate about the female employee but I should not forget that I am operating in a professional environment. I have to solve the employees concerns by satisfying the rules of the organization. The Shareholder View of Business states that the managers should take decisions that are best for the concerned shareholders (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). My employees are the most important shareholders and I should provide them best work experience within the limits of law. This issue is a serious ethical concern as it is concerned with unequal power distribution between the employees and the employers. The organization has certain rights of employees that are applicable to all (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The employee possesses the right to safeguard from discrimination (Klettner, Clarke Boersma, 2014). The female employees are protected from the clutches of ruthless male employees. They have the right to be treated equally in the workplace (Yousaf et al., 2014). They should deserve respect from the colleagues. They have the right to work in a harmonious workplace where the entire employees coexist peacefully. She should enjoy equal opportunities as enjoyed by all the other employees (Yousaf et al., 2014). The concerned employee should be free from sexual harassment in the workplace. I wished to secure the fundamental rights of the employees. It is the duty of a manager to look after the welfare of the employees- both male and female. If someone is not getting the fundamental rights, I must consider the matter seriously. The discrimination in Singaporean organizations includes the partial treatment of the employees which is not based on their qualifications or experience (Napasri Yukongdi, 2015). In this case, I was proposing the idea of giving more preference to the female employee based on a harassment complaint only. It was not related to her education level, experience level, skills or the performance at work. The discrimination would lead to the damage of my image as a manager. I may be viewed as a partial manager if I give favorable treatment to an employee based on the gender. If I do not implement this decision, then the female employee may continue to be harassed by her male counterparts. This would also affect the performance of the employee. My decision making is affected by several factors such as demographic, gender, age, national culture, psychology, personal values and integrity (Craft, 2013). The psychological factors affect my actions in a particular work environment. I am an individual with high internal control. I like to undertake responsibility for my actions and accept the consequences of my actions. My personal values also help me in taking decisions. It is my personal choice to address my employees rights. I like to maintain moral principles as well as values while taking crucial decisions. The moral intensity would have an influence on the decision making of the manager (Craft, 2013). The importance of education is immense in effective decision making (Craft, 2013). It teaches us to implement ethics in our professional as well as personal lives. The Universities in Singapore emphasizes on ethical decision making in corporate organizations (Craft, 2013). The Code of Ethics is being taught in universities and the same is applicable in professional organizations too (Craft, 2013). This states the expectations from the employees. I am also an employee of the organization and it is my duty to safeguard the interests of my fellow employees. I strive to create a humanized workplace, which is an innovative type of workplace that promotes meaningful work and sustainable jobs. I aim for creating a meaningful workplace in which the jobs are designed to meet the psychological requirements of the employees. The professional life should be enriching to an employee rather than being an obstacle in the path of success. There are a number of ways which help me to choose the best solution in the ethical dilemma: I can undertake the non-consequentialist theories which involve the identification of certain duties for the agents to perform (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to preserve the human dignity. The dignity of the female employee is of utmost importance. This theory would also help me to maintain the natural rights of the employees (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I would be able to do the fair treatment of the female employee. It is the right of the employee to work in a respectful environment. I would transfer the female employee in a more secure job role where she would face minimal issues of sexual harassment. Alternatively, I can take the utilitarian approach of solving ethical dilemmas (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would help me to support the concerned female employee for her happiness. If she is transferred to a more secure job location, she would get mental peace and it would reduce her pain to a great extent. She can concentrate on her job and her productivity rates would increase considerably. I should calculate the benefits as well as disadvantages of my decision and select the best alternative. The value of an unhappy employee is measured with the resentment of the male employees. The point of view of the male employees can be heard and they can be given a suitable answer. However, there is no appropriate answer to the problems of the female employee. Hence, decision needs to be taken in favor of her. The egoistic approach cannot be actually considered in this scenario (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). This approach would enable me to highlight my own interest and ignore the interest of the organization (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). I cannot ignore the interests of the organization. I have to take such a decision that satisfies the objectives of the organization as well as provide suitable solution to the concerned female employee. However, I would like to support the female employee in every possible way. I would select the well being of the employees after considering the above influences and the various personal characteristics of mine. This alternative would satisfy personal ideologies and ethical beliefs. Part B: Appendix A: The Ethical Leadership Debate (613words) The character of Mike Gustavsson was against the debate motion. He supported education on ethical leadership and considered that the top management of a firm is responsible for creating an environment of sustainable ethical leadership. He possessed high moral values, as described in Virtue Ethics of Normative Ethics (Hursthouse, 2013). He is in Maxim 3 of Universality in Kants Ethics as he is a discretionary stakeholder. He belongs to the Stage 6 of the Kohlbergs theory (Gibbs, 2013). He possesses universal principles such as human rights, equality and justice. He demonstrated universal ethical principles. He failed to respect the rights and equality of his daughter and hence he can be placed in the stage 5 of Moral Development Theory (Gibbs, 2013). Jan Edwards displayed ethical leadership in a shareholder focused economy. Clean Solutions Inc. focused on ethical leadership models in addition to the profitability parameters. This was displayed by their immense participation in the charitable involvements. The firm focused on the education concerning ethical leadership and emphasized that graduates should possess social responsibility skills, interpersonal skills and people management skills. The firm also believed in the principles of the shareholders. Jan can be considered as a dominant stakeholder as she demonstrated power and legitimacy. She demonstrated the elements of Triple Bottom Line- social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability (Savitz, 2012). She demonstrated characteristics of feminist ethics model. She can be placed in Stage 2 of the Kohlbergs model. Jan can be regarded as an individual seeking self- actualization and self-esteem, as per Maslows Hierarchy of needs (Funder, 2015). Jan concentrated on improving the community by showing mutual respect and justice to the community. She could be placed in Stage 6 as she wanted to modify the current trend by her own ethical principles, even if it deviated from the workplace norms. Mei-Hua Felung acted against the debate motion. She emphasized the importance of ethical leadership in an economy that is focused on the shareholders. She maintained her leadership based on ethical grounds even after the presence of external factors such as public perceptions, tax rules, legal obligations and others. She is present in Stage 5 and Stage 6 of the Moral Development Theory by Kohlberg. She possesses good interpersonal relationships with external as well as internal stakeholders. She is also aware of the existing tax laws as well as the individual rights. She is trained in the accountancy regulations and hence belonged to Maxim 1 of consistency in the Kants Deontological theory (Dierksmeier, 2013). She needed to undertake legitimate actions as she was the accountant of the firm. She demonstrated ethical leadership and maintained the image of the accountant by adopting tax avoidance measures. Deshi Chen supported the debate motion as he believed that ethical leadership is not required in business school courses. He emphasized on the fact that ethical leadership usually prevents practicality in situations. He argued that ethical leadership is not recognized all round the world. It is not even rewarded. The world gives more importance to profit generation rather than ethical leadership. Deshi demonstrated the theory of egoism by treating himself morally correct. He also displayed least utilization of personal interests. He displayed the Stage 2 characteristics of the moral development model (Cushman, 2013). All the four characters, except Deshi, strongly believed in the fact that ethical leadership is possible in a shareholder based economy. They also believed that business school should incorporate classes on ethical codes of behaviors. Deshi was the only person who didnt believe in ethical course in business schools. Deshi can be regarded as the most ethical person due to his transparency while Mei-Hua can be considered as the most unethical one (displayed speech-act contradictions). Part B: Appendix B: The Seminar Case (600 words) The Case of the Holiday was reviewed and the ethical dilemmas concerning each character are identified. The character of Boris is explained in detail. Boris faced a high degree of ethical dilemma, which was discussed by Team 1. The dilemma was caused due to the planned holiday of Boris and coincidence of the holiday with the product launch of the client. This situation forced Boris to think about whether he should cancel his holiday plans for the purpose of important professional commitments. His dilemma concerned that whether he should dilute the business prospects by postponing/cancelling the product launch or focusing on his personal life progress (the expense of relationship with Swee Lan). The team 2 depicted the ethical dilemma of Boriss manager. The manager had an ethical dilemma between the requests of the client, profitability of the company and employee welfare. He did not want to spoil the holiday plans of Boris, however he was also reluctant to let go a valuable client that would bring repeat orders for the company. The manager was responsible for safeguarding the interests of the company and to prevent it from any kinds of financial loss. He was in a fix to jeopardize the lucrative prospects from the organizational point of view. The ethical dilemma of Swee Lan was portrayed by Team 3. She faced the dilemma after discussion with Boris regarding cancellation of their holiday at Hong Kong. She has certain influences on the decision making of Boris. She made Boris experience ethical dilemmas between the work commitments and relationship commitments. She didnt wanted to compromise the career prospects of Boris, but at the same time, she wanted to materialize the holiday plans. The dilemma of Swee Lan was derived from the reaction of her parents, which fostered relationship dilemmas in Boris. The last team, Team 4, discussed about the ethical dilemmas of Boriss colleagues. They reacted after hearing that Boris had cancelled his holiday for the benefit of the organization. Marcus and his friends wanted to implement enhanced employee standards in the organization. They feared that the consequences of Boriss decision could impact their lives in the future as well. As a result, they were connected with Boris from an empathetic point of view. This is the reason they criticized the decisions of Boris. They presumed that it was really a tough decision to select one between Swee Lan and the manager. The ethical dilemma of Boris can be explained by various ethical theories. Boris was in the Stage 1 of Kohlbergs moral development theory (Gibbs, 2013). He was obedient in his workplace (by cancellation of his trip) so that he is not punished or dismissed from the workplace. If he declined the product launch of the client he may be considered as inappropriate for the company, which may lead to any forms of punishment. He also displayed utilitarian rule as he accepted the request of his presence at the product launch, which meant a lucrative career for him (Hayry, 2013). The moral intensity of Boris is featured by social consensus, proximity and consequences. There could have been various consequences like fall in the career, spoilage of relationship with Swee Lan or Marcus. Boris displayed Type A characteristics aggressiveness, competitive spirit and ambitious outlook (Broad, 2014). He displayed a high degree of ownership and he was interested in the work related matters. He portray ed egoistic approach by giving maximum emphasize to task completion rather than the opportunity costs involved. He chose to be present during the product launch of the company and hence sacrifice the meeting with Swee Lee and her parents. Part B: Appendix C: Interpersonal and team working skills (333 words) The first part of the essay needed to identify a business related ethical dilemma in my professional life. The identification of the dilemma demonstrates my critical thinking abilities (Paul Elder, 2013). There are many instances of my professional life that I could have citied. I have chosen this particular dilemma because it was concerned with the ethical behavioral aspects in the workplace. The presence of the interpersonal skills also helped me to successfully complete this module. The first part of the essay demonstrated my problem solving skills, decision making skills and assertiveness (Proctor, 2014). I worked with others in my workplace to explore and ponder over the existing issues. I identified, explained and provided a solution to the existing problem. I identified the main issue and utilized my decision making abilities to propose a solution. I decided on the issue and communicated my ideas as well as beliefs to the concerned entities. I have flexibility in my work appr oach as I was concerned with the most appropriate practices that would be best for the concerned employee (Allen et al., 2013). I am able to convey my decisions to my colleagues and hence display team working skills. I respected the opinions of my team members. The second part of the essay needed me to analyze the characters in the given case scenarios. My analytical abilities, self confidence and positive attitude helped me to review the given case studies (Robles, 2012). The display of the ethical leadership role by the given characters was critically analyzed by me. The characters also displayed resembled to the popular ethical theories such as Kohlbergs theory and others. I identified the similarities as I am confident about my abilities. I also possess good communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal communication (Robles, 2012). This is because I am able to write down my thoughts in a coherent manner. This module helped me to understand the practical implementation of Kohlbergs moral development theory and Kants deontological theory in a professional environment. References Part A Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley Sons. Craft, J. L. (2013). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 20042011.Journal of Business Ethics,117(2), 221-259. Divanbeigi, R., Ramalho, R. (2015). Business regulations and growth.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7299). Ferner, A., Edwards, T., Tempel, A. (2012). Power, institutions and the cross-national transfer of employment practices in multinationals.Human Relations,65(2), 163-187. Kadiresan, V., Javed, N. K. (2015). Discrimination in Employment and Task Delegation at Workplace in the Malaysian Context.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,5(7), 29-41. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. Lim, L. Y. (2015). Beyond gender: The impact of age, ethnicity, nationality and economic growth on women in the Singapore economy.The Singapore Economic Review,60(02), 1550020. Napasri, T., Yukongdi, V. (2015). A study of Thai female executives: perceived barriers to career advancement.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,4(3), 108. Shah, M. A. M. M., Jody, J. M., Shahudin, M. H. (2012). Gender Discrimination at the Workplace: In the Purview of International Legal Framework and Islamic Approach. Smith, I. P., Oades, L., McCarthy, G. (2013). The Australian Corporate Closet, Why It's Still So Full: A Review of Incidence Rates for Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Gender Identity Discrimination in the Workplace.Gay and Lesbian Issues and Psychology Review,9(1), 51. Tsaur, S. H., Tang, Y. Y. (2012). Job stress and well-being of female employees in hospitality: The role of regulatory leisure coping styles.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1038-1044. Yousaf, S., Humayon, A. A., Rasheed, M. I., Ahmed, H. M., Danish, R. Q. (2014). Factors Affecting Retention of Female Employees in Organizations. Part B Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., Shockley, K. M. (2013). Workfamily conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility.Personnel Psychology,66(2), 345-376. Broad, C. D. (2014).Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Cushman, F. (2013). Action, outcome, and value a dual-system framework for morality.Personality and social psychology review,17(3), 273-292. Dierksmeier, C. (2013). Kant on virtue.Journal of business ethics,113(4), 597-609. Funder, D. C. (2015).The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Gibbs, J. C. (2013).Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press. Hayry, M. (2013).Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. Routledge. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Paul, R., Elder, L. (2013).Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson Education. Proctor, T. (2014).Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation. Routledge. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Savitz, A. (2012).The triple bottom line: How today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success--and how you can too. John Wiley Sons.

Truman Doctrine Essays (2378 words) - Presidency Of Harry S. Truman

Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from isolationist to internationalists; thus we were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its inception - aid to Turkey and Greece - to its indirect influence in Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S. to issue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughout the world. However, our zeal in that achievement sent our soldiers to die in Vietnam and Korea for a seemingly futile cause. It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples. This is no more than a frank recognitions that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples . . .undermine the foundations of . . . peace and security of the United States. The Truman Doctrine would change the foreign policy of the United States and the world. This policy would first go in aid to support the democratic regimes in Turkey and Greece. These nations were being threatened by Soviet-supported rebels seeking to topple the government and install a Communist regime. The Soviets were also making extreme territorial demands especially concerning the Dardanelles. A direct influence of this Doctrine was, of course, the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was designed to give aid to any European country damaged during World War II. It tremendously helped ravaged European nations such as Italy and France. By helping them economically, the Marshall Plan indirectly helped to stem growing Communist sentiment in these countries. The process whereby the Truman Doctrine came to fruition was a long and arduous one. After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States stood at the pinnacle of world power. By the late '40's, the U.S.S.R. had caught up to the United States' nuclear weapons programs. In addition, they were very land-hungry. Throughout Russia's history, they have been in search of a port - a quest advanced further by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. The Soviets in that respect were direct threats to their non-Communist neighbors: Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In Iran, the U.S.S.R. was not evacuating Iran's northern provinces despite entreaties from the United States. In Turkey, the Soviet Union coveted several naval bases along the Straits of Dardanelles. Further, they pressured Turkey for border cessions that Turkey had taken from Russia after World War I. In Greece, the Soviets encouraged the insurgent leader Markos Vafiades with arms and economic support. The British troops helping the Grecian government were strangled of supplies due to poor economic times in Britain. Also, further territorial requisitions to Yugoslavia, Albania, and Bulgaria were being made. Seeing the deteriorating U.S. - Soviet relations, Truman issued two statements about agreements, violations, reparations, and Soviet actions threatening U.S. security. 1. The Middle East is of strategic importance to the U.S.S.R.(from which they are in range of an air attack.) 2. The U.S. must be prepared to wage atomic and biological warfare. (Ferrel 247) Soon after, he sent bombers to the Middle East. He desired the return of all arms given to U.S.S.R. under the Lend-Lease Act. There isn't a doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and seizure of the Black Sea straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making, How many divisions have you? Truman had his eye on the Soviets and on war. However, The U.S.S.R. never made such invasions and thus quelled Truman's paranoia. The Truman Doctrine was starting to develop during 1947 when Truman issued several statements. 1. The present Russian ambassador . . . persona non grata . . . does not belong in Washington. 2. Urge Stalin to pay us a visit. 3. Settle the Korean question give the Koreans a government of their own. 4. Settle the Manchurian question .. . support Chang Kai-Shek for a strong China. 5. Agree to discussion of Russia's lend-lease debt to the U.S. 6. Agree to commercial air treaty. 7. Make it plain that we have no territorial ambitions. That we only want peace, but we'll fight for it! Truman also set several goals for questioned territories: The U.S. would go to war if